Predictions + Extended Ephemeris – RX Networks https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com Thu, 18 Jul 2024 23:18:42 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.1 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-rx-512-1-32x32.png Predictions + Extended Ephemeris – RX Networks https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com 32 32 RX Networks further extends Location.io multiband service with the addition of industry-leading BeiDou III support https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-further-extends-location-io-multiband-service-with-the-addition-of-industry-leading-beidou-iii-support/ Fri, 20 Sep 2019 23:05:05 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=934 ION GNSS+ 2019, Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, as part of their continued reference network expansion and vendor diversity initiative, today announces the addition of BeiDou (“BDS”) III B1C and B2a signals and messages to Location.io, a feature-rich, highly modular location platform.

BDS III is available via Location.io in a variety of data formats including regionally optimized, NTRIP, LPP, and RRLP, as well as proprietary real-time and predicted formats.  With the addition of BDS III Location.io is positioned to support mobile devices globally in any configuration, including dual-band or single-band GNSS receivers, and in single or multi-constellation configurations.

“Rx Networks continues to follow up on our promise to deliver Location. Enlightened. products and services. BDS will play a major role in the years to come with the uptake of multiband GNSS in mobile devices including smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.” said Peter Mueller, Head of Innovation at Rx Networks. “The upgrade and expansion of our private global reference network can now offer legacy BDS II signal B1I right up to PRN 63, in addition to the new BDS III B1C and B2a signals, as well as GPS/QZSS/Galileo/GLONASS/NavIC support in L1, L2c and L5/E5. Plus, our network is ready for Galileo E6. This makes Location.io one of the most complete data services available, all with a great Service Level Agreement.”

Look for BDS III to be part of the Location.io software client in early 2020. 

Location.io technologies are already in use by over 2 billion smartphones, laptops, and wearables worldwide. All Location.io services are delivered from Rx Networks’ geo-redundant and cloud-based service delivery network, ensuring 99.999% service level availability.

For more information, please contact sales@rxnetworks.com, visit the Rx Networks booth at ION GNSS+ 2019, or visit rxnetworks.com.

Location. Enlightened.

Rx Networks provides reliable, timely, and relevant location information that strengthens the connection between people, devices and businesses by improving the GNSS experience and creating enhanced opportunities for next-generation products and services.

About Rx Networks Inc.

Rx Networks is a mass-market mobile positioning technology company based in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Since 2006, leading semiconductor vendors, device manufacturers and network operators have quietly relied on for their real-time and predicted processing of GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular, and sensor data for their location needs. Well over two billion devices use their GNSS assistance data each and every day.

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RX Networks strengthens industry’s most comprehensive support by adding the NavIC constellation https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-strengthens-industrys-most-comprehensive-support-by-adding-the-navic-constellation/ Wed, 18 Sep 2019 22:59:42 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=932 Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, announces support for the NavIC Constellation, allowing the industry’s most comprehensive GNSS constellation data service to now offer technology partners—and their associated customers—real-time and predicted assistance for all satellite navigation systems and L1 satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) for any region around the globe.

The addition of NavIC builds on Rx Networks’ brand promise—to deliver Location. Enlightened. products and services—by now providing real-time and predicted GNSS assistance data in any individual or combination of formats.  This enables developers to optimize device performance for specific use cases and conform to national requirements. Data is delivered via ephemeris in RINEX and Predictions in SP3, P-GNSS and RT-GNSS, via the Location.io platform, will be added in Q1 of 2020.

“Our Location. Enlightened. brand promise speaks to our goal of providing the most comprehensive, relevant, accurate and reliable location data available,” says John Carley, Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Rx Networks. “The addition of NavIC in our carrier-grade infrastructure demonstrates our commitment to our brand and to stay on the leading edge of truly global satellite-based positioning and services. The ability to offer NavIC support is extremely significant as it ensures we can support our customers with exactly what is required in any given region of the Globe.”

NavIC, formerly known as IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System), combines GEO and IGSO satellites to provide a regional position, navigation and time (PNT) system including ionospheric corrections.

The most comprehensive global constellation support in market

With its privately-owned Global Reference Network of more than 40 terrestrial reference sites and the most comprehensive GNSS constellation support in the market, Rx Network is the only mass market mobile positioning and service company to offer a 99.999% Service Level Agreement. This, coupled with their unique algorithms, allows Rx Networks to offer highly accurate and relevant location services.

Location. Enlightened.

Keep an eye out for further details on their new Website: rxnetworks.com, contact sales@rxnetworks.com, or visit the Rx Networks booth at ION GNSS+ 2019.

About Rx Networks Inc.

Rx Networks is a mass-market mobile positioning technology company based in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Since 2006, leading semiconductor vendors, device manufacturers and network operators have quietly relied on for their real-time and predicted processing of GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular, and sensor data for their location needs. Well over two billion devices use their GNSS assistance data each and every day.

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Rx Networks Announces location.io HAAS Platform https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-announces-location-io-haas-platform/ Tue, 25 Sep 2018 22:58:45 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=930 Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, today announced the addition of a precise correction service to location.io, a feature-rich, highly modular location platform.  By adding real time precise corrections, Rx Networks now provides a solution to fit every customer’s need.

Precise satellite orbit and clock corrections will be available via Rx Networks’ innovative High Accuracy Assistance Service (HAAS) platform, which supports mobile devices with either multi-band or single-band PPP-enabled receivers.  HAASprovides corrections for GPS and GLONASS (with additional constellations to be added in 2018), along with precise regional Ionospheric and Tropospheric data. High availability is assured with geographically redundant secure NTRIP casters.

“Our real-time precise data corrections enable dual-frequency receivers to achieve centimeter accuracy globally, for Precise Point Positioning (PPP),” said Vincent Chen, Product Manager at Rx Networks.  “Early HAAS testing with a standard Android smartphone running as a single-band receiver and standard smartphone antenna shows sub meter accuracy using HAAS orbits and clocks.  These results are exciting because they confirm the HAAS addition to location.io will provide an affordable alternative solution to traditional RTK positioning, bringing high accuracy to a whole new set of markets”.

location.io includes technologies already in use by over 1 billion smartphones, laptops, and wearables worldwide.

All location.io services are delivered from Rx Networks’ geo-redundant and cloud-based service delivery network, ensuring a 99.999% service level availability.

For more information, please contact sales@rxnetworks.com, visit the Rx Networks booth at ION GNSS+ 2018, or visit rxnetworks.com 

About Rx Networks Inc. 

EMPOWER YOUR LOCATION SERVICES

We are a mobile positioning technology company. We don’t do hardware, GPS or sensor chips; we don’t do mobile apps and we don’t do maps either. Yet, we empower all those who do! We develop ingenious hybrid positioning solutions that unify GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular and sensor signals for an unmatched mobile location user experience.

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Rx Networks Announces location.io Multiband Service https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-announces-location-io-multiband-service/ Tue, 25 Sep 2018 22:57:27 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=928 Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, today announced the addition of GPS L2c and L5, QZSS L2c and L5 CNAV and Galileo E5a F/NAV messages to location.io, a feature-rich, highly modular location platform.

These new messages will be available in a variety of data formats, including IoT-optimized, NTRIP, LPP, RRLP and proprietary real-time data. The new signals can support mobile devices with either dual-band or single-band GNSS receivers, in single or multi-constellation configurations, in real-time and predicted contexts.

“Multiband is making waves in GNSS for mobile devices like smartphones,” said Peter Mueller, Head of Product Management at Rx Networks. “Thanks to the upgraded and expanded Rx Networks global reference network, I can get L1/E1/B1 plus L2c plus L5/E5, and the network is even ready for Galileo E6, all with a great service level agreement!”

location.io includes technologies already in use by over 1 billion smartphones, laptops, and wearables worldwide.

All location.io services are delivered from Rx Networks’ geo-redundant and cloud based service delivery network, ensuring a 99.999% service level availability.

For more information, please contact sales@rxnetworks.com, visit the Rx Networks booth at ION GNSS+ 2018, or visit rxnetworks.com.

About Rx Networks Inc. 

EMPOWER YOUR LOCATION SERVICES

We are a mobile positioning technology company. We don’t do hardware, GPS or sensor chips; we don’t do mobile apps and we don’t do maps either. Yet, we empower all those who do! We develop ingenious hybrid positioning solutions that unify GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular and sensor signals for an unmatched mobile location user experience.

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Rx Networks Announces China data centre https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-announces-china-data-centre/ Mon, 24 Sep 2018 22:47:48 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=923 Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, today announced the implementation of a location.io data centre in Beijing, China.

The Beijing data centre will be connected to the Rx Networks global reference network and will enable reduced latency and increased throughput and reliability for customers and end-devcies inside the Peoples Republic of China.

“By adding a point of presence inside China, we also add our industry-leading SLA,” said Peter Mueller, Head of Product Management at Rx Networks. “Not only can we provide all our flavours of real-time and predicted GNSS assistance, we can also help our customers with hosted services.”

location.io includes technologies in use by over 1 billion smartphones, laptops, and wearables worldwide.

All location.io services are delivered from Rx Networks’ geo-redundant and cloud based service delivery network, ensuring a 99.999% service level availability.

For more information, please contact sales@rxnetworks.com, visit the Rx Networks booth at ION GNSS+ 2018, or visit rxnetworks.com.

About Rx Networks Inc. 

EMPOWER YOUR LOCATION SERVICES

We are a mobile positioning technology company. We don’t do hardware, GPS or sensor chips; we don’t do mobile apps and we don’t do maps either. Yet, we empower all those who do! We develop ingenious hybrid positioning solutions that unify GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular and sensor signals for an unmatched mobile location user experience.

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Rx Networks Adds SBAS and QZSS Services https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-adds-sbas-and-qzss-services/ Wed, 14 Sep 2016 23:18:29 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=963 ION GNSS+ 2016, Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, today announced test and development access to upcoming SBAS and QZSS services. The addition of QZSS and SBAS to its location.io service platform enables Rx Networks to provide regional correction data and additional satellites for improved positioning accuracy.

The location.io real-time GNSS assistance service includes a new streaming delivery method so customers can easily access SBAS correction data (available for testing). QZSS and SBAS support will be added to location.io’s Real-Time GNSS ephemeris HTTP interface in Q4 of 2016.

Location service providers, GNSS chipset vendors and device OEMs can benefit from the additional corrections and assistance data for better accuracy and higher availability of GNSS location fixes.

“The addition of SBAS and QZSS to location.io marks an exciting step as we expand our services to support high accuracy solutions,” commented John Carley, Director of Product Management, location.io.

With assistance services that span real-time and predicted GNSS ephemeris, ionophseric corrections, and high accuracy long-term orbit and clock predictions, Rx Networks continues to lead the industry. Location.io delivers these services from geo-redundant carrier-grade service delivery networks with a 99.999% service level availability (SLA).

About Rx Networks

EMPOWER YOUR LOCATION SERVICES

We are a mobile positioning technology company with more than ten years experience and a billion plus devices relying on our software and services everyday. We empower our customers with ingenious hybrid positioning solutions that unify GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular, BLE and sensor signals for an unmatched location user experience. 
Outdoor. Indoor. In 3D.

For more information, please contact sales@rxnetworks.com, visit the Rx Networks booth at ION GNSS+ 2016, or visit rxnetworks.com

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Rx Networks Announces location.io https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-announces-location-io/ Wed, 16 Sep 2015 23:17:05 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=959 ION GNSS+ 2015

Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, today announced the launch of location.io, a feature-rich, highly modular location platform. location.io enables advanced, seamless indoor and outdoor positioning whether for mass market consumer devices, IoT devices, or specialized, high-accuracy applications.

This new platform consolidates products and services previously branded GPStream and XYBRID. location.io offers real-time & predicted GNSS assistance, GNSS long-term orbits & clocks, Wi-Fi & Cell-ID positioning, absolute height using compensated barometric pressure, and an ultra-sensitive hosted GNSS service.

“Positioning and assistance are no longer different problems to be solved by different solutions,” said John Carley, Sr. Product Manager at Rx Networks. “People expect the same location performance whether they are outdoors or in challenging indoors locations such as an underground parkade or office tower. location.io provides a full complement of integrated positioning and assistance solutions under one consistent and easy to integrate service platform.”

location.io includes technologies already in use by over 1 billion smartphones, laptops, and wearables worldwide. Specific components are:

  • Real-time assistance. Previously known as GPStream GRN™location.io’s real-time assistance service supports all popular location servers such as Ericsson, TCS, NSN, ZTE, and Qualcomm. The service is also available in RINEX format or over HTTP for ease of integration. The underlying global reference network, owned and operated by Rx Networks, is highly redundant and supports five constellations: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, and QZSS.
  • Predicted GNSS assistance. Previously known as GPStream PGPS™, the predicted service provides seed data that enables client devices such as smartphones, laptops, and wearables to generate up to 14 days of extended ephemeris for fast and sensitive GNSS fixes. BeiDou and Galileo have been added to GPS and GLONASS and are currently available for chipset integration. Full quad constellation support will be available by December 31st.
  • GNSS long term orbits and clocks. New to the location.io offering are high accuracy orbital and clock predictions, generated from data observed by Rx Networks’ global reference network. The service supports five constellations: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, and, in early 2016, QZSS.
  • Wi-Fi & Cell-ID positioning. For indoor positioning and as a complement to the other location.io services, the Wi-Fi & Cell-ID positioning service is backed up by a database of over 600 million Wi-Fi access points and over 60 million cellular IDs. For customers with a GNSS chip, the service can be paired with either the real-time or predicted GNSS assistance for consistent performance indoors and out.
  • Absolute height. With the increasing number of barometric pressure sensors included in smartphones and IoT devices, the absolute height service provides both sensor calibration and uses compensated barometric pressure to determine absolute height above ground level. This can help refine GNSS fixes and, most importantly, can determine the correct floor level for emergency calls.
  • Ultra-sensitive GNSS receiver. This location.io service consists of highly specialized GNSS receiver algorithms deployed in powerful, cloud-based servers, The service enables IoT devices such as routers, small cells, and Bluetooth beacons to self-locate. These infrastructure devices only need to receive an occasional GNSS signal and relay it to the cloud service. Over time, the integration of multiple signal captures allows the accurate determination of a device’s location even when located deep indoors. The service is currently being tested by a major US mobile operator to help determine the location of small cells and home phone units. Initial results are approaching 100% success in locating such devices, a significant improvement over previous GNSS methods.

All location.io services are delivered from Rx Networks’ geo-redundant and cloud based service delivery network, ensuring a 99.999% service level availability.

For more information, please contact sales.rxnetworks.com, visit the Rx Networks booth at ION GNSS+ 2015, or visit rxnetworks.com.

About Rx Networks Inc.

EMPOWER YOUR LOCATION SERVICES

We are a mobile positioning technology company. We don’t do hardware, GPS or sensor chips; we don’t do mobile apps and we don’t do maps either. Yet, we empower all those who do! We develop ingenious hybrid positioning solutions that unify GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular and sensor signals for an unmatched mobile location user experience.

Outdoor. Indoor. In 3D.

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Maximizing Code Portability across Operating Systems and Hardware Platforms https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/maximizing-code-portability-across-operating-systems-and-hardware-platforms/ Tue, 03 Mar 2015 22:27:22 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=914

One of the core principles of Rx Networks location technologies is the ability to run on any hardware platform and operating system. Products such as our XYBRID RT (cellular and WiFi location lookup service) can be as simple as a HTTP GET request, while our GPStream PGPS A-GNSS solution interfaces with a GNSS chipset, schedules download of new data, generates Extended Ephemeris (EE) from seed data or Broadcast Ephemeris (BCE), and stores data locally on the device. While we can pass the responsibility of developing all this code to the customer, it is not attractive solution for our customers or ourselves as both parties must commit additional development and support resources to complete the integration.

The smartphone market is dominated by ARM based hardware running Android and iOS, while the wearable gadgets, M2M, and PND markets have a greater diversity of hardware and OS options. Having customers in all these industries provides a development challenge; is it possible to write software that can run on such a variety of hardware and software platforms?

Part of the solution is to develop software using the C programming language. Dennis Ritchie developed the C language and C was used to implement the Unix operating system in the early 1970s at Bell Labs.

C is a function oriented low-level programming language as opposed to an object oriented language like C++ or Java. In programming abstraction C lies in between Assembly and C++. Code written in C has a smaller footprint and is more portable while C does not directly support high level abstraction concepts like polymorphism and inheritance which makes code easier to extend and reuse. It is possible to develop an application with a combination of C and C++ code, but  while a device that has a C++ compiler, will definitely have a C compiler, the opposite may not be true, this is why C code is more portable on a larger variety of hardware and software platforms than C++.

Leveraging the function oriented nature of the C language the integration software is designed as an event driven state machine. The state machine is responsible for:

  1. Verifying and maintaining an accurate system time
  2. Obtaining a list of cellular and WiFi access points and using XYBRID RT to obtain a location
  3. Monitoring the data connectivity of the device and taking appropriate actions when a data connection is available
  4. Processing downloaded data and incoming Broadcast data from a GNSS chipset, and applying the PGPS algorithm to generate up to 14 days worth of Extended Ephemeris
  5. Supplying the GNSS chipset with AGNSS data to improve Time to First Fix (TTFF)

Each state has a set of procedures to verify and complete, before the state machine initiates to the next state. This allows for each possible state outcome to be unit tested and helps to ensure consistent behavior across all platforms.

The integration code has been commercially integrated on devices with hardware architectures such as ARM, MIPS and x86 and on operating systems such as Android, Linux, Windows, QNX and other proprietary OSes. Having one unified integration that runs and behaves consistently on all our customers platforms has helped to ensure a timely integration of Rx Networks location technologies while reducing the overall development and resources commitments.

In the next following articles we will cover more details of developing an event driven state machine and examples of how to structure and write hardware and OS portable code.

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Rx Networks To Help Establish A New European Location Service https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/rx-networks-to-help-establish-a-new-european-location-service/ Mon, 02 Mar 2015 23:16:11 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=957 MOBILE WORLD CONGRESS 2015, Booth 5H75

Rx Networks Inc., a leading mobile location technology and services company, announced today that it will, along with four European industry leaders, be developing a European-based location service offering.

The consortium of companies includes Thales Alenia Space (a key actor in the development of Galileo), Telespazio (see below), STMicroelectronics (the largest European developer of semiconductors and micro systems), and Novero (a major actor in the European machine-to-machine market).

This action is funded in part by Horizon 2020, the European Commission R&D program, which is coordinated by the European GNSS Agency (GSA). 

The new offering will provide a full suite of GNSS assistance and location services with a particular emphasis on the innovative uses of EGNOS and Galileo signals, taking advantage of Galileo signal specificities.

The service will deliver real-time Assisted-GNSS based on the SUPL 2.0 standard as well as Rx Networks’ XYBRID RT™. The platform will also use XYBRID RT to offer Cell-ID/Wi-Fi positioning and chipset-independent extended ephemeris using Rx Networks’ GPStream PGPS™. Multi-constellation support will include Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS with the ability to expand to other constellations as required.

With planned availability in late December 2015, the service will be one of the first commercially available Galileo assistance data services, with free developer access to foster new and innovative location applications. The service is expected to become a key enabler of European based machine-to-machine applications, including eCall, as well as public safety initiatives such as E112.

“Managed and operated within Europe, this will not only showcase Galileo technology, but also fully equip the EU with location capabilities previously only available from foreign sources,” said Yves Capelle, Head of the Space Systems and Applications Business Unit of Telespazio France. “By bringing together five companies with deep mobile positioning expertise, it will also be one of the most modern and comprehensive location enablement platforms, designed to address location-based services from social media to industrial and emergency services,” he added.

For more information, please contact Rx Networks at marketing@rxnetworks.com or visit our booth (5H75) at Mobile World Congress, Barcelona, Spain.

About Telespazio

Based in Toulouse and with offices in Paris, Bordeaux, Kourou and Libreville, Telespazio France is the French subsidiary of Telespazio, a joint venture of Finmeccanica and Thales (67%/33%) with revenues of €600 million in 2013 and 2,500 employees. Telespazio has played a pioneering role in satellite-based services and its history has been shaped by key advances and major technological breakthroughs. With the first live satellite television broadcasts in 1964, Telespazio became one of the world’s leading suppliers of telecommunications, Earth-observation and Satellite navigation solutions. Telespazio France is leveraging this culture of innovation and its expertise in latest digital technologies to develop new services with high added value, notably for the geo-information and navigation markets, as well as for media, retail, oil and gas, and defence. Telespazio France operates complex satellite systems and sustains a large number of infrastructures.

About Rx Networks Inc. 

WE EMPOWER GREAT POSITIONING

We are a mobile positioning technology company. We don’t do hardware, GPS or sensor chips; we don’t do mobile apps and we don’t do maps either. Yet, we empower all those who do! We develop ingenious hybrid positioning solutions that unify GNSS, Wi-Fi, cellular and sensor signals for an unmatched mobile location user experience.

Outdoor. Indoor. In 3D.

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Taking A Multi-Input Approach to Emergency Caller Location https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/taking-a-multi-input-approach-to-emergency-caller-location/ Wed, 28 Jan 2015 22:06:36 +0000 https://rxnetworks.philaltstatt.com/?p=884

You witness a serious car crash. What’s the first thing you do? You instinctively grab your phone and dial 911. One of the most important contributions of technology has been, and will continue to be, its ability to save lives. While this may mean the impressive equipment available in a modern hospital emergency room, first someone has to call for an ambulance to get you there.

The history of the one-number emergency calling system provides an interesting perspective on how long it can take to deploy new technology in a way that is integrated and reliable. It is a long road from demonstration to widespread public adoption.

The history of one number emergency calling goes back about 90 years. As public switched telephone networks spanned the modern world in the middle of the 20th century, it became apparent that they could play a vital role in reaching providers of emergency services. The concept of a short form single number was developed as “999” in the UK and first deployed in 1937. I can only imagine the frustration on a rotary phone as you waited for the dial to rotate almost the maximum possible time to send three digits (this was due to the fact that phones could make free calls using the neigbouring “0” digit, so mechanically modifying them to accept any sequence of 9’s, the next digit, was easier than implementing “111”).

The first uses of a central emergency service in North America include Los Angeles in 1946 (using “116”), Winnipeg in 1959 (using “999”), and the first system using “911” in Haleyville, Alabama in 1968. Gradually, through the 1970’s and 1980’s the deployment of what is now “911” service reached all but the most rural areas. Approximately 50 years to standardize and implement!

Extension of the emergency service to mobile phones was first contemplated with the roll out of analog cellular networks in the mid 1980’s. It quickly became apparent that mobile phones could play a key role in getting first responders to car accidents and other emergencies outside the home. But once away from home, people are often have trouble describing where they are, either because of unfamiliar surroundings or the shock of the situation in progress. An automatic method of location determination needed to be found.

In the 1990’s, it was foreseen that the steadily decreasing price of GPS chips and the increasing “smarts” available within network infrastructure would eventually enable reliable location of emergency callers in 2D (lat/lon). In 1996, the FCC formalized this, mandating requirements for mobile operators to provide location using GPS within 50 meters for 67% of calls and 150 meters for 90% of calls or to provide location using network based technology within 100 meters and 300 meters, 67% and 90% of the time respectively.

So now, when you dial 911, the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) is able to accurately determine your location… for the most part. That is, if you are outside or in a low-rise, residential type building.

However, what will happen if you dial 911 from the 32nd floor of an office tower? First of all, you may not get a GPS fix or sufficiently accurate network fix – there are significant attenuation and multipath issues to contend with. If you do get a fix, the PSAP will match your latitude/longitude to a database that will give your location as, for example, 250 Greenwhich Street, Manhattan. But that is a 52-story building! By the time the search for you gets to the 32nd floor it might be too late.

In March, 2014, in an effort to address this, the FCC issued a “Notice of Proposed Rulemaking” to seek comment on a proposed mandate that would require mobile operators to more accurately determine the location of an indoor 911 call. There were many questions posed about whether the requirements should be different for urban vs. rural locations, whether today’s technology can meet the requirements, whether certain technology should be mandated or simply an accuracy requirement be asserted, and much more.

Responses were received from a variety of stakeholders, with thoughtful and passionate responses from network operators, emergency services providers, the public, and technology vendors.

It is fair to say that the landscape is more complex than it might first appear and that the ideal solution will require unprecedented cooperation and coordination between key stakeholders. The solution has to address a myriad of environments from which an emergency call could be made, and then, even once the location is accurately determined, the results must be paired to a database that takes into account the unique attributes of buildings (floor plans, floor numbering variances, the relative location of “ground floor” etc.).

Understandably, some respondents to the FCC asserted that these risks might be worse than the benefits, especially if first responders are sent to the wrong location.

Inevitably these obstacles will be addressed. For our part, Rx Networks sees that there are several technology trends that can work together to help address the indoor location problem. The first is the proliferation of Wi-Fi access points (APs) to such a density that their proximity to a 911 caller is useful in resolving a caller’s location. Wi-Fi positioning has been well established for at least five years, but has primarily been based on crowd sourcing the location of the APs. This provides acceptable accuracy for non-critical uses, but often presents results that would be undesirable in the context of an emergency call. For that purpose, you need to ensure that APs are accurately located in a database and that the risk of human error is eliminated.

Rx Networks has proposed a method of automating the geotagging of APs using XYBRID Cloud, a service that uses a combination of methods, including highly sensitive post-processing of GNSS signals, to determine the AP’s location. The process is automatic, i.e. free from human error, and adapts to moves or changes to an AP’s location.

Another method proposed by Rx Networks takes advantage of the increasing number of smartphones that come with barometric pressure sensors. These sensors can detect air pressure with sufficient resolution to determine a caller’s floor level – if you know the ground level reference point.

It is this last point that is critical. Air pressure is a function of our weather system, which is constantly changing. Without frequent updates to the reference point, the caller’s floor could be reported incorrectly simply because of a change in the weather. Rx Network’s Zed™ service addresses this by providing the caller’s phone with an up to date reference pressure using both fixed and crowd sourced inputs.

In addition there are local factors that can lead to false readings. Doors opening and closing, the on/off of HVAC systems, and other “noise” that needs to be filtered out.

There are even notable variances in performance between the air pressure sensors on different models of smartphones, a design variance that is insignificant, except perhaps if you are dialing 911. Zed also has a component that can calibrate and normalize this problem.

As mentioned earlier, we do not believe there is a single technical solution that will address all requirements. But we know that deploying XYBRID Cloud and Zed could be an important step towards everyone’s goal of saving lives.

When the FCC has reviewed all the comments and makes its recommendation, the decision will be watched closely by the world’s other regulatory agencies. Europe, in particular, is looking at implementing an E-112 directive (112 being the most common EU common number for emergency calls) and recently held a public consultation in Brussels, during which Rx Networks shared its observations on the North American E-911 implementation. Europe has an added challenge of having to consider the input of its 28 member states and multiple network operators, many of whom have expressed concern over how meeting a 112 directive will be paid for.

While behind, relative to North America, the Europeans have an opportunity to build on the North American experience, taking advantage of the latest technologies that will also work for indoor emergency calls. And it may be that North America can learn from the Europeans for they have launched a compelling initiative called “eCall” that is set to go live for all new vehicles starting in 2018. Similar to OnStar®, which is an optional service in North America, eCall requires all vehicles to be equipped with sensors and network connectivity so that a call is automatically made to the 112 service if the sensors detect an accident has happened. Location and sensor information is transferred during the eCall, giving the PSAP vital information, even if the driver is unable to do so. If you’ve ever driven icy winter roads in rural parts of Canada or the US, you can immediately see the appeal of such a service to the public.

While it has taken a long time to get to the current capability of our wireless 911 service, and there is much work still to be done, our industry can take considerable pride over the accomplishments so far. Next time you look at your phone to send an email, check Facebook, or read the news, consider that your phone is much more than this. It is actually the vital link between the victim and the emergency room and in no small measure: over four hundred thousand 911 calls are made in North America every day.

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